CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Food additives have been used to keep the quality, texture, consistency, taste,  colour , alkalinity or acidity of foods. Humans are daily exposed to these chemical substances in their foods. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive widely used as flavour enhancer of many foods like meat, soups, seafood, poultry, snacks and stew (Fuke and Shimizu, 1993). MSG is a sodium salt of the amino acid glutamate and provides a flavouring function similar to naturally occurring free glutamate in foods (Yamaguçhi and Ninomiya, 2000). Glutamate is a major component of most natural protein foods such as meat, fish and some vegetables and plays an essential role in human metabolism (Filer and stegink, 1994).

MSG is manufactured industrially by a fermentation process of molasses from sugar cane, sugar beets, starch and corn sugar. The breakdown and change of natural bond glutamate into various free forms of glutamate leads to the production of a white crystalline powder, when present in the free form, has a flavor enhancing effect in food (FSANZ, 2003). This distinctive taste is known as “Umami” a word coined by the Japanese to describe the taste imparted by glutamate. Westerners often describe this flavour as savory, broth-like or meaty (Fuke and Shimizu, 1993). The optimal palatability concentration for MSG is between 0.2 and 0.8% with the largest palatable dose for human being about 60mg/kg body weight (Yang et al., 1997).

1.1.1 THE KNORR CUBE AS A FOOD ADDICTIVE

Knorr is a German food and beverage brand owned by the Anglo-Dutch company unilever since 2000. Knorr was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor knorr. Knorr headquarters is located at Heilbronn in Germany. Knorr cube is used as flavor enhancer of many foods like soups, stews, sauces, gravies and risottos. It dissolves easily and do not leave yellow magi lump in the food. Knorr cube is found in many countries around the world including Nigeria, it is used for cooking.
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