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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
ACID-BASE TITRATION
Acid-base titration is used to determine the concentration of a solution. It also involves the process of neutralization in order to determine an unknown concentration.
However, in order to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base, you must add the opposite so that neutralization can be reached. The type of chemical reaction occurring between the two solutions is called NEUTRALIZATION REACTION. An acid of unknown of concentration will be titrated using a basic standard and a base of unknown concentration will be titrated using an acidic standard solution.
In acid- base titration, a PH indicator or PH meter is used in order to determine whether neutralization has been reached and titration is complete. The information obtained from the process of titration can then be inserted into the equation.
MiVi = Mf vf, to determine the concentration of the unknown solution. Mi and Mf are the initial and final molarities; Vi and Vf are the initial and final volumes.
INDICATOR USED IN ACID-BASE TITRATION
Acid – base titration is performed with a phenolphthalein indicator, when it is strong acid- strong base titration, a bromthymol blue indicator in weak acid-weak base reaction, and a methyl orange indicator is used for strong acid -weak base reaction. If the base is OH the scale i.e. pH of > 13.5 and the acid has a pH >5.5, then an Alizarin yellow indicator may be used.
Examples of acid-base titration includes
· Titration of a weak Base with a strong Acid
· Titration of a weak poly prostatic with a strong Acid
· Titration of a strong Acid with a strong base
· Titration of a weak Acid with a strong Base
In some cases weak base or weak acid is used or PH meter which leads the PH of the solution being titrated. Acid-base titration sometimes require the use some kind of indicator depending on the strength of acid or base. Acid-base titrations are the most common type of titration.
1. INDICATOR
In acid-base titration, the neutralization point occurs at the PH of 7.0. Litmus is a good indicator for acid-base titration, because it changes colour at a pH of around 6.5- - - close enough. A few drop of the indicator is added if possible. Also to indicate the endpoint of the titration is by the colour change.
N/B: The colour indicator is added to the titer before starting to indicate the neutralization point.
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