EmmavsEzinneProjecttopics - VARIATION OF EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELDLINE

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Earth’s magnetic field line is generated in the fluid outer core by a self-exiting dynamo process. Electrical currents flowing in the slowly moving molten iron generated the magnetic field. In addition to sources in the Earth’s core, the magnetic field observed at the Earth’s and magnetosphere. The geomagnetic field varies on a range scales and a description of these variations is now made, in the order low frequency to high frequency variations, in both the space and time domains.

Earth’s magnetic field (also known as the geomagnetic field) is the magnetic field that extends from the earth’s inner core to where it meet the solar wind, a stream of energetic particles emanating from the sun.

Variation is the different between magnetic north pole and true north measured as an angle. Therefore the difference or changes that occur in the earth’s magnetic fieldline is known as the “Earth’s magnetic fieldline” it is approximately the field of a magnetic dipole tilted at an angel of eleven (11) degrees with respect to the rotational axis as if there were a bar magnet placed at that angle at the center of the earth.

However, unlike the field of a bar magnet, Earth’s field changes over time because it is generated by the motion of molten iron alloys in the earth’s outer core (the geodynamo). The magnetic north pole wanders, fortunately slowly enough that the compass is useful for navigation. At random intervals (averaging several hundred thousand years the earth’s field reverses (the north and south geomagnetic poles changes places with each other. These reversals leave a record in rocks that allow paleomagnetists to calculate paste motions of continents and oceans floors as a ionosphere and extending several tens of thousands of kilometers into space, is called magnetosphere”. This region protects the earth from cosmic rays that would strip away the upper atmosphere, including the ozone layer that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.

1.1 MAGNETIC FIELDS

The space around a magnet or a current carrying conduct where the magnetic effect is field is called magnetic field.

A compass needle is a sensitive way of finding the direction of the magnetic field at different points. The ‘intensity’ or ‘strength’ of a magnetic field is a vector quantity because it has both direction and magnitude.

The direction of the magnetic forces in an area of the field can be mapped out by marking the north and south ends of a compass needle with dots at 1 and m on a sheet of paper. The compass is then moved until the S pole is at l and the new position of the N pole is marked at p. By moving the compass in this way and repeating the procedure, the paper can be covered by a series of dots. These are then joined by a smooth curve, called a line of magnetic force.

Magnetic field

Lines of force never cross; otherwise the magnetic field would have two possible directions at the point of intersection. The direction of the field at a point taken as the direction which a north pole would tend to move if ........

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